Application of Hydraulic Fractures in Openhole Horizontal Wells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper describes a process that has improved production, reduced costs, saved time, and dramatically improved the results of fracture stimulating low permeability horizontal wells. The use of both propped and acid fracture treatments will be described. The process has been used for openhole completions aligned in the approximate direction of fracture propagation as well as for fractures transverse to the well bore. The technique has effectively eliminated well bore connectivity problems that had been observed in vertical completions and cased and cemented horizontal wells with transverse fractures. The process has been used to increase production over 25 fold in a 30 year old field. It has also proven successful in a marginally economic field that had been completed using propped fractures in vertical wells. The procedure employs a system of multiple, retrievable treating subs that are specifically tailored to a unique well bore configuration and allow treating the entire interval with a single stage. The treating subs are designed to distribute the treating fluid as desired along the length of the lateral. The process has been successfully used in over 100 wells and laterals in fields located in California, Illinois, New Mexico, Utah, and Texas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".