Saprolegniasis in Freshwater Catfishes Sold in Fish Markets in Asaba, Southern Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The prevalence of saprolegniasis in freshwater catfishes sold in fish markets in Asaba was investigated. Two hundred and sixty-five freshly caught table-sized freshwater catfishes namely: Clarias anguillaris (Pellegrin), Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffrey St. Hilaire), Synodontis clarias (Linnaeus), Schilbe mystus (Linnaeus) and Bagrus bayad (Ruppell) were used for the study which lasted for three months. Fish samples bought on a weekly basis from two major markets (Ogbeogonogo and Cable point) were transported to the laboratory and examined by smear scrapping of mucus on skin of fish for saprolegniasis and possible secondary bacterial and protozoal infections using routine procedures. Isolates from cultures revealed the presence of saprolegniasis, scyphidian flora and bacterial infections of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coil. Out of 265 catfishes examined, 46 (17.4%) had saprolegniasis. This prevalence of infection was not significant (P >0.05). The number of fungal zoospores from saprolegniasis ulcerative lesion was however significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of the control which were free from Saprolegnia infection. A significant (P<0. 05) number, 25 (54%) of Saprolegnia infected catfishes had scyphidian flora. S. aureus was isolated from all catfishes examined while E. coli was found in 193 (72.8%) of the fishes. Fish culturist and fresh fish handlers should maintain good water quality for cultured fishes and a high standard of personal hygiene to avoid the health implications of fish diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".