Experimental Evaluation of Dispersion and Diffusion in a UTF BItumen/n-Butane System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Laboratory experiments at Alberta Research Council (now Alberta Innovates Technology Futures) have indicated the potential for improving the recovery of bitumen and heavy oil, and a substantial reduction of SOR relative to SAGD, by the addition of substantial volumes of light hydrocarbon to steam as an enhancement of SAGD. Many scaled lab model experiments have been completed, some of which have identified solvent/steam ratios that outperformed low pressure SAGD. In order to more reliably scale the results of these experiments, it was desired to measure the rate of oil production and hence solvent front advance rate in field permeability sand. The experiments were isothermal to simplify the numerical simulations. Three experiments were completed, one at 68°C one at 80°C and one at 100°C. The respective butane pressures were 700 kPa, 1020 kPa and 1450 kPa. The respective oil rates were 52.5 g/h, 62.3 g/h and 63.2 g/h. Solvent front advance rates were 7.81 cm/d, 9.0 cm/d and 9.42 cm/d. These rates translate into SAGD-like rates when extrapolated to a field size project.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".