Standardized Testing for Determining the Durability of High-Volume Fly Ash Mixtures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fly ash is becoming increasing used in concrete structures for enhanced durability. This research investigated two types of fly ash in conjunction with four cements. The cements were both high and low alkali, with and without blended silica fume. Mortar and concrete mixtures were prepared containing from 0 to 80% fly ash replacement. Standardized tests were performed for compressive strength, as well as sulfate, chloride, and alkali resistance. High replacement levels performed relatively well in sulfate and alkali resistance, but poorly in regards to compressive strength and chloride resistance. From a durability perspective, 40% fly ash replacement was found to have the best overall performance from these mixtures. Standardized test methods are comparative by nature, and as such cannot replicate the complexity of concrete mixtures and their exposure conditions; higher replacements have been successfully used in practice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".