Effect of fluid velocity on radioactive ion retention by fluidized‐bed reactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study is concerned with the design, construction, simulation, and pre‐operation of a fluidized‐bed reactor for low level radioactive waste treatment by a new chelating resin. In this respect a new mathematical model is suggested to account for the effect of fluid velocity and to determine the key parameters that affect the overall mass transfer. In general, the column height and the diffusion resistance on the resin side control the extent of separation in the reactor. Lowering the particle falling velocity and increasing the column height increase the adsorption extent. The studied variables include the flow rates, feed concentration, column height, working temperature, and pH of the feed solution. Increasing the initial concentration causes the adsorption to increase and the maximum conversion is obtained at the near‐neutral condition. Temperature increasing, on the other hand, decreases the adsorption extent. The theoretically calculated results from the mathematical model developed in this study for predicting the conversion extent are found to be in good agreement with the data obtained from the experimental study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".