Wetdry composting of organic municipal solid waste: current status in Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Source separation of municipal solid waste into wet and dry streams is proving to be an attractive alternative in dealing with solid waste, and in achieving provincial and national waste diversion objectives. The system provides important flexibility in the number of waste streams, collection methods, collection frequency, and waste processing. In the past few years, experience has been obtained with two-, three-, and four-stream source separation and collection, composting of the organic waste fraction, and recycling of the valuable dry waste. The systems used in Guelph, Ontario, Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, and Caledon, Ontario, are presented. Public interest and participation has been high, especially when a two-stream, mandatory system is used. Thus, the City of Guelph has reported a 98% participation rate in its two-stream system which means that the public accepted the two-stream approach. Experience has shown that, as the number of streams increase, there is a greater chance of putting waste in the wrong stream. There is a strong demand for compost at a bulk price of about $30/ t FOB at the plant. The processing cost of the three plants varied from $50/t to $80/t of waste received without allowing for credits derived from extended landfill life or reduction in environmental impact.Key words: municipal solid waste, organic, source-separation, composting.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it