BLOCKADE OF TACHYKININ NK-3 RECEPTOR REVERSES HYPERTENSION THROUGH A DOPAMINERGIC MECHANISM IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA OF SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS: PP.29.161
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) injected tachykinin NK-3 receptor (R) antagonists normalized mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). This study was pursued to define the role played by NK-3R located on dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the regulation of MAP in SHR. SHR (16 weeks) were implanted permanently with i.c.v. and/or VTA guide cannula. Experiments were conducted 24 h after catheterization of the abdominal aorta to measure MAP and heart rate (HR) in freely behaving rats. Cardiovascular responses to i.c.v. or VTA injected NK-3R agonist (senktide) and antagonists (SB222200 and R-820) were measured before and after systemic administration of selective DA antagonists for D-1R (SCH23390), D-2R (raclopride) or non-selective D-2R (haloperidol) and after destruction of the VTA with ibotenic acid. Senktide (10, 25, 65 and 100 pmol) elicited more prominent increases of MAP and HR when injected in the VTA than i.c.v. and this cardiovascular response was blocked by R-820, SCH23390 and haloperidol. I.c.v. or VTA injected SB222200 and R-820 (500 pmol) evoked anti-hypertension, which was blocked by raclopride. Destruction of the VTA prevented the pressor response to i.c.v. senktide and the anti-hypertension to i.c.v. R-820. VTA injected SB222200 prevented the pressor response to i.c.v. senktide, and vice versa, i.c.v. senktide prevented the anti-hypertension to VTA SB222200. Repeated i.c.v. injection of R-820, once a day for 5 days, caused a sustained anti-hypertensive effect in SHR. Tachykinin NK-3R in the VTA is implicated in the maintenance of hypertension by increasing midbrain DA transmission in SHR. Hence, these receptors may represent a therapeutic target in the treatment of arterial hypertension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".