EFFECTS OF EXERCISE TRAINING ON STRENGTH, VO2MAX AND GLUCOSE CONTROL IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC MEN VS. WOMEN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous exercise studies in type 2 diabetics (T2DM) have pooled results for men and women. Due to higher androgen levels and a greater propensity to build muscle, men may have greater improvements in glucose control through resistance training than women. PURPOSE To compare changes in strength, VO2max and HbA1c achieved through aerobic training, resistance training or their combination between previously sedentary T2DM men and women. METHODS Eighty-eight men (M) and women (W) aged 40–70 years, BMI 25–50 (mean 33.5) kg/m2 were randomly assigned to 6 months of 3x/wk aerobic only (A; 13M, 7W), resistance only (R;15M, 8W), combined aerobic and resistance training (AR;15M, 5W) and waiting-list control (C; 16M, 9W). The A group increased their workload to 45 min at 75% of HR-max, while the R group completed 2–3 sets of 8 repetition max (RM) for 7 exercises. The AR group completed aerobic plus resistance exercise as in A and R. Strength was evaluated through 8 RM testing of seated row, bench press and leg press. A graded treadmill ramp protocol to volitional fatigue was used to establish VO2max. RESULTS No significant differences were found between men and women in response to 6 months of exercise training. Mean increases in VO2max for A were 9.2% in men and 5.2% in women and for AR were 6.9% in men and 7.2% in women. Strength of the 3 exercises increased in AR by 51% in men and 46% in women and in R by 67% in men and 86% in women. HbA1c decreased in both AR men (15.3%) and women (12.6%) and A men (10.1%) and women (7.8%) while R men showed a 4.5% decline in HbA1c compared to a 2.3% increase in R women. CONCLUSIONS Men and women had similar VO2max and strength increases from A and R exercise respectively. Aerobic exercise improved glucose control in both genders. Resistance exercise alone may improve glucose control modestly in men, but not women. The combination of AR exercise appears beneficial for both genders. Supported by CIHR, CDA and NSERC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".