Spacing behaviour, kinship, and population dynamics of grey squirrels in a newly colonized broadleaf woodland in Italy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eastern grey squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, introduced to Britain and northern Italy are replacing the native Eurasian red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris. We studied the pattern of colonization of a high-quality broadleaf woodland by grey squirrels by means of livetrapping and radio-tracking. The studies started in July 1996, when six grey squirrels (four males, two females) first colonized the woodland, and lasted until November 1998, when densities exceeded those of the local red squirrel population. Grey squirrel colonization was rapid, with a high proportion of adult and yearling females breeding. Juvenile recruitment was also higher than in stable populations in Britain. Adult survival was better in 1997 (83%) than in 1998 (47%), with predation accounting for 67% of losses in 1998. This indicates the effects of local predator communities on the colonization process. Densities of grey squirrels were moderate in 1998, with a maximum of 1.9 squirrels/ha and we expect density to increase further. Adult home range sizes were three to four times larger than those of subadults, and male ranges were larger than those of females. Body mass was positively correlated with both total home range size and core-area size. Core-area size for adults was inversely correlated with food availability. Juvenile female grey squirrels were philopatric, forming female kin groups, while most juvenile males settled outside the mother's home range.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".