Investigation of Local Mass Transfer in a Packed Bed of Pall Rings Using a Limiting Current Technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mass-transfer coefficients at varied axial, radial, and angular positions in a packed bed of Pall rings were measured using the limiting current technique. The experimentation was carried out in a 0.30-m-diameter column with a bed height of 5.5 column diameters. Ferri-/ferrocyanide ions were used as the redox couple for the mass-transfer measurement. The local mass-transfer rate was found to be strongly dependent on the liquid feed distribution, especially at the top section of the packed bed. The local mass-transfer rate also varied significantly in the axial and radial directions in the packed bed. A maximum mass-transfer rate was observed at an axial distance of 1.5 column diameters ( x / D = 1.5) when the multipoint liquid distributor was used while the highest transfer rate occurred at x / D = 2.5 for the single-point liquid distributor. However, for both types of liquid distributors the mass-transfer rate became steady at x / D > 4.5. The wall flow also reached steady-state x / D = 3.5. The average mass-transfer rate with the multipoint distributor was about 14% higher than that with the single-point distributor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".