N2O ionization and dissociation dynamics in intense femtosecond laser radiation, probed by systematic pulse length variation from 7 to 500 fs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have made a series of measurements, as a function of pulse duration, of ionization and fragmentation of the asymmetric molecule N2O in intense femtosecond laser radiation. The pulse length was varied from 7 fs to 500 fs with intensity ranging from 4 × 10(15) to 2.5 × 10(14) W∕cm(2). Time and position sensitive detection allows us to observe all fragments in coincidence. By representing the final dissociation geometry with Dalitz plots, we can identify the underlying breakup dynamics. We observe for the first time that there are two stepwise dissociation pathways for N2O(3+): (1) N2O(3+) → N(+) + NO(2+) → N(+) + N(+) + O(+) and (2) N2O(3+) → N2 (2+) + O(+) → N(+) + N(+) + O(+) as well as one for N2O(4+) → N(2+) + NO(2+) → N(2+) + N(+) + O(+). The N2 (2+) stepwise channel is suppressed for longer pulse length, a phenomenon which we attribute to the influence which the structure of the 3+ potential has on the dissociating wave packet propagation. Finally, by observing the total kinetic energy released for each channel as a function of pulse duration, we show the increasing importance of charge resonance enhanced ionization for channels higher than 3+.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".