Mitochondrial Metabolism in Hibernation: Metabolic Suppression, Temperature Effects, and Substrate Preferences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We compared liver and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function among activity states to characterize regulated reversible metabolic suppression in the mammalian hibernator Spermophilus tridecemlineatus. At 37°C, succinate oxidation was 70% lower in the liver mitochondria from torpid animals than in those from summer‐active animals or in animals arousing from torpor. Respiration was very sensitive to temperature (Q10 5.8–9.8), and when measured at 25° or 5°C there was no difference among the three states. Liver mitochondria from summer‐active animals oxidized pyruvate and β‐hydroxybutyrate at higher rates than those from torpid animals, and flux through complex 4 of the electron transport chain was about three‐ and fivefold higher than flux through complexes 2–4 and complexes 1–4, respectively. In the hibernating and arousing animals there was no difference in flux through complexes 2–4 and complex 4, suggesting a downregulation of cytochrome c oxidase in liver mitochondria during the hibernation season. Muscle mitochondrial respiration did not differ between the torpid and summer‐active states in any of the parameters measured. The data support a regulated, reversible decrease of liver (but not muscle) mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in hibernating ground squirrels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".