Effect of Gender and Calendar Year on Time to and Duration of Virologic Suppression Among Antiretroviral-Naïve HIV-Infected Individuals Initiating Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the effects of gender and calendar year on time to and duration of virologic suppression among HIV-infected antiretroviral-naïve individuals initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). METHODS: Ontario Cohort Study antiretroviral-naïve participants who initiated cART after December 31, 1998, and who had ≥2 follow-up viral loads were included. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the effects of gender and calendar year on times to virologic suppression and rebound. RESULTS: Of the 840 patients, 81% were male (median age 40 years; interquartile range [IQR], 34-46). Time to virologic suppression was shorter among women (hazard ratio [HR]=1.27, P=.01) and in more recent calendar time periods (2002-2004: HR, 1.04, P=.67; 2005-2006: HR, 1.22, P=.06; 2007-2008: HR, 1.36, P=.004) compared to 1999-2001 after adjusting for age and type of cART regimens. Women had shorter times to virologic rebound (HR, 1.57; P<.01) after adjusting for age, injection drug use, and type of cART regimen. However, 14/18 (78%) women suspected to be taking cART only for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV experienced virologic rebound compared to 28% of women who required cART for their own health, suggesting that the increased rate of virologic rebound was due to women stopping ART at the termination of a pregnancy if they did not need it for their own health. Rates of rebound did not differ by calendar year period. CONCLUSION: Time to virologic suppression has steadily decreased over time while duration of suppression remained stable. Time to virologic suppression was shorter for women than for men, whereas durability of virologic suppression was slightly longer for men than women. However, gender differences in virologic rebound were likely due to women discontinuing cART at the end of the pregnancy if it was not needed for their own health.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.030 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it