Numerical model for the prediction of dilute, three‐dimensional, turbulent fluid–particle flows, using a Lagrangian approach for particle tracking and a CVFEM for the carrier phase
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A numerical model for dilute, three‐dimensional, turbulent, incompressible fluid–solid particle flows and its application to a demonstration problem are presented. An Eulerian description is used to model the flow of the fluid (carrier) phase, and the governing equations are solved using a control‐volume finite element method (CVFEM). The motion of the solid (particulate) phase is simulated using a Lagrangian approach. An efficient algorithm is proposed for locating the particles in the finite element mesh. In the demonstration problem, which involves a particle‐laden axisymmetric jet, a modified k –ε turbulence model is used to characterize the velocity and length scales of the turbulent flow of the fluid phase. The effect of turbulence on the particle trajectories is accounted for through a stochastic model. The effect of the particles on the fluid time–mean velocity and turbulence (two‐way coupling) is also addressed. Comparisons between predictions and available experimental data for the demonstration problem are presented. Satisfactory agreement is obtained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".