Response of winter wheat to nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer placement and time of application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The expansion of direct seeding of crops and the ability to side-band fertilizer has created a number of opportunities, including applying all fertilizer needs of winter wheat at seeding time. The objective of this study was to explore the opportunities for winter wheat grown in the Dark Brown and Black Soil Zones of southern Alberta. In two sets of experiments we compared the effect of fall side-band placement of urea-N to that of spring broadcast of ammonium nitrate-N at rates of 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha -1 , and of fall side-banded 80 kg ha -1 urea-N to that of ammonium nitrate, or liquid urea-ammonium nitrate N on the yield and protein content of winter wheat. We also compared side-banded to seed-placed application of phosphate fertilizer (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ). There was a strong response of winter wheat grain yield to N application rate that was directly related to the NO 3 -N level of the soil in the 0–60 cm depth. Fall banded urea resulted in the same or higher yields than all spring treatments. Nitrogen fertilizer lacement had no effect on grain protein levels. Seed-placement and side-banding of P fertilizer rates resulted in equal grain yield increases. Key words: Side banding, seed-placement, urea, ammonium nitrate
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".