NUMANOITE, Ca4CuB4O6(OH)6(CO3)2, A NEW MINERAL SPECIES, THE Cu ANALOGUE OF BORCARITE FROM THE FUKA MINE, OKAYAMA PREFECTURE, JAPAN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numanoite, the Cu analogue of borcarite, is found in an irregular patch in crystalline limestone near gehlenite–spurrite skarns at the Fuka mine, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Numanoite (up to 1 mm across) is observed as a core or zones in borcarite crystals up to 5 mm long. The mineral is also found as veinlets up to 0.4 mm wide in aggregates of borcarite crystals. The associated minerals are nifontovite, bultfonteinite, calcite and an unidentified magnesium silicate mineral. In hand specimen, the mineral is blue-green to colorless and transparent with a vitreous luster. The streak is white to pale blue-green. Numanoite is monoclinic, space group C 2/ m , a 17.794(2), b 8.381(1), c 4.4494(7) A, β 102.42(2)° and Z = 2. The strongest seven lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [ d in A( I )( hkl )] are 7.57(100)(110), 2.671(84)(421), 2.727(68)(221), 1.887(52)(041,440), 2.272(48)(331), 2.899(44)(600) and 1.698(34)(640). Electron-microprobe and thermogravimetric analyses gave B 2 O 3 24.09, CaO 38.11, CuO 10.32, MgO 1.02, ZnO 0.51, CO 2 15.80, H 2 O 9.75, sum 99.60 wt.%. The empirical formula, calculated on the basis of O = 18, is Ca 3.898 (Cu 0.744 Mg 0.145 Zn 0.036 ) ∑0.925 B 3.969 O 5.615 (OH) 6.208 (CO 3 ) 2.059 , ideally Ca 4 CuB 4 O 6 (OH) 6 (CO 3 ) 2 . The mineral is optically biaxial negative, α 1.618(2), β 1.658(2), γ 1.672(2), and 2 V calc = 60°. The mineral has perfect cleavages in two directions. The density is 2.96(2) g/cm 3 (meas.) and 2.93 g/cm 3 (calc.). The Vickers microhardness is 376 (290–464) kg/mm 2 (25 g load), and the Mohs hardness number is 4½. The differential thermal analysis curve shows two endothermic peaks at 489° and 692°C. It is likely that numanoite from the Fuka mine formed by precipitation from late Cu- and Mg-bearing hydrothermal solutions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".