Strongly Swirling Turbulent Sink Flow Between Two Stationary Disks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The steady, incompressible turbulent sink flow developing between two stationary disks under the influence of strong swirl was numerically investigated. The simulations were made using the FLUENT 6.2 software. The purpose of the study is to first validate the method and then proceed in identifying the origin of some key known flow features, such as the appearance of a toroidal recirculation zone in the central flow region, the saddlelike behavior of the tangential velocity, and the two radial velocity kinks near the two end plates. The simulations are found to be in good accord with earlier experiments. Centrifugal force is shown to be the prime culprit for all of the previous flow manifestations. The overpowering centrifugal force compels the fluid to drain mainly through the end-plate boundary layers where its value is the minimum. The buildup of the recirculation zone is a natural response by the fluid to account for the local flow inactivity. This buildup is also responsible for the evolution of a weak reversed flow in the midchannel plane that, along with turbulence and the nonslip condition on the disk surface, produces the until-now unexplained saddlelike shape of the tangential velocity profile. The growth of the radial velocity spikes near the disks is due to the synergetic action of the boundary-layer development and the reduction of the local flow area. Finally, the simulations have also unveiled a previously unknown tangential velocity undulation inside the vortex core triggered by vortex transition from laminar to turbulent conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".