X-ray/Neutron Diffraction and Electrochemical Studies of Lithium De/Re-Intercalation in Li<sub>1</sub><sub>-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Co<sub>1/</sub><sub>3</sub>Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0 → 1)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
X-ray and neutron diffraction studies were carried out on highly ordered (2−3% Li/Ni exchange) layered Li 1 - x Co 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 [(1 − x ) = 1.0; 0.8, 0.6, 0.45, 0.30, 0.04] prepared by chemical delithiation and relithiation. The studies reveal that the initial R 3̄ m phase (O3) is maintained up to extraction of 0.70−0.75 Li and exhibits only ∼1% change in volume over the range of composition. Additional extraction of Li results in the appearance of the O1 phase (trigonal; P 3̄ m 1), which displays a strong contraction in the c axis by 5.3% and a volume decrease of 7.2%. Oxygen vacancies were not evident in the completely delithiated material. Re-intercalation of lithium in this phase was relatively irreversible, however, resulting in poorly defined mixtures of the O3 and O1 structures that exhibited a large fraction of stacking faults. In contrast, materials that were not delithiated beyond x = 0.30 resulted in fully reversible reformation of the original crystalline O3 phase on re-intercalation. Electrochemical cycling under different cutoff voltages were in accord with these observations and suggest an optimum upper cutoff voltage of 4.3−4.4 V.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".