Thoracic Pedicle Screw Insertion Using a Transpedicular Drill Guide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Insertion of thoracic pedicle screws can lead to major complications. This study reports the use of a transpedicular drill guide (TDG) for safe pedicle screw insertion in the thoracic spine. The conventional anatomic technique and the TDG were both used to drill pilot holes into the pedicles of four anatomic models of the thoracic spine. Ninety-nine percent of the 96 pilot holes drilled with the TDG were within 2 mm from the pedicle wall compared with 79% for the anatomic technique (P < 0.001). The TDG reduced the proportion and the extent of medial perforations. The TDG was easy to use and was superior to the conventional anatomic technique. It could be combined with fluoroscopy and pedicle palpation in certain clinical applications, especially for training surgeons, but only after confirming its accuracy in a cadaveric study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".