On Numerical Techniques for Determination of the Sonic Point in Unsteady Inviscid Shock Reflections
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, three techniques for determination of the sonic/catch-up points in unsteady shock reflections based on numerical flowfield analysis are considered: the Mach-number-based technique, the characteristic-based technique, and the perturbation technique. These techniques are compared using the problem of shock reflection from a convex cylinder simulated with an inviscid, non-heat-conducting flow model and an ideal reflecting surface. It is shown that the sonic points obtained with the Mach-number or characteristic-based techniques, coincide with the catch-up point obtained by the perturbation technique. The obtained sonic point converges to the theoretical sonic point given by the steady two-shock theory as the grid is refined. Quantitative data are presented, which show that very fine meshes are needed to approach the theoretical value with good accuracy. Furthermore, potential sources of significant experimental errors when applying the perturbation technique in shock-tube experiments are ident...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".