Investigation of the Structures of Attached and Lifted Flames with Various Ignition Positions over a Triple Concentric Burner in the Hysteresis Regime
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study focuses on the turbulent nonpremixed flame characteristics in a triple concentric burner with the ignition positions “on the burner” (upstream position) and “above the burner” (downstream position). The flames were attached and lifted when the ignition positions were upstream and downstream, respectively. Numerical simulations were performed for cold flow, attached, and lifted flames. The calculated lift-off height and velocity profiles were in good agreement with the experimental results. In both the attached and lifted flame cases, the flame was situated along the stoichiometric mixture fraction line and in the region where the Damköhler number ( Da ) was >1. The stoichiometric mixture fraction curve below the lifted flame was on the same line as the stoichiometric equivalence ratio curve of the cold jet. Furthermore, it was found that the two flames exist at the crossover point of the triple curves, which are comprised of the stoichiometric mixture fraction curves of two flames, the Da = 1 curves of the two flames, and the stoichiometric equivalence ratio curve of the cold jet. It was inferred that cold jet fields may dominantly affect the characteristics of a turbulent nonpremixed flame. That is, the ignition position in the cold jet determines the bifurcation of the attached and lifted flames.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".