Thermoregulation as a function of thermal quality in a northern population of painted turtles, Chrysemys picta
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Body temperature affects nearly all processes of ectotherms. Reptiles do not generate sufficient body heat to regulate their body temperature internally and therefore use behavioural thermoregulation. We determined whether thermoregulatory effort varied among seasons in an environment where large temporal differences in environmental temperatures (T e ) exist. We took 31 297 internal body temperature (T b ) measurements from 18 painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta (Schneider, 1783)) throughout their active season. We estimated T e with physical models and water temperatures. We measured the range of preferred body temperatures (T set ) in a thermal gradient. T set was 21.3–25.0 °C. We used T b , T e , and T set to calculate standard thermoregulation indices (E x and d e – d b ). An E x of 40.7% and a d e – d b of 2.4 °C indicated that painted turtles are moderate thermoregulators, despite inhabiting a high-cost environment. Effort to regulate T b increased as the thermal quality of the habitat decreased. Thermoregulatory effort was higher when T set could not be achieved. Painted turtles put more effort in thermoregulation in the early season than in the rest of the season. This within-species pattern follows the pattern seen among species. This study is the first to measure T b internally and to apply standard thermoregulation indices to free-ranging turtles.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it