Galactic cold cores:<i>Herschel</i>study of first<i>Planck</i>detections
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<i>Context. <i/> We present the first results from the project Galactic cold cores, where the cold interstellar clouds detected by the <i>Planck<i/> satellite are studied with <i>Herschel<i/> photometric observations. The final <i>Planck<i/> catalogue is expected to contain several thousand sources. The <i>Herschel<i/> observations during the science demonstration phase provided the first glimpse into the nature of these sources.<i>Aims. <i/>The main goal of the project is to derive the physical properties of the cold core population revealed by <i>Planck<i/>. We examine three fields and confirm the <i>Planck<i/> detections with <i>Herschel<i/> data, which we also use to establish the evolutionary stage of the identified cores.<i>Methods. <i/>We study the morphology and spectral energy distribution of the sources using the combined wavelength coverage of <i>Planck<i/> and <i>Herschel<i/>. The dust colour temperatures and emissivity indices are determined. The masses of the cores are determined with distance estimates which are taken from the literature and are confirmed by kinematic and extinction information. <i>Results. <i/>The observations reveal extended regions of cold dust with dust colour temperatures down to <i>T<i/><sub>dust<sub/> ~ 11 K. The fields represent different evolutionary stages ranging from a quiescent, cold filament in Musca to regions of active star formation in Cepheus. <i>Conclusions. <i/>The <i>Herschel<i/> observations confirm that the all-sky survey of <i>Planck<i/> is capable of making a large number of new cold core detections. Our results suggest that many of the sources may already have left the pre-stellar phase or are at least closely associated with active star formation. High-resolution <i>Herschel<i/> observations are needed to establish the true nature of the <i>Planck<i/> detections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".