Tracking lead contamination sources of sediments in Lake Andong using lead isotopes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
본 연구는 안동호 퇴적물 중의 납 오염 기원을 조사하기 위해 안동호 퇴적물, 안동호 유역의 토양, 광미퇴적물 및 아연제련시설의 부산물 중의 납 동위원소를 분석하고 국내 외 결과와 비교하였다. 안동호 퇴적물 중의 <TEX>$^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$</TEX> 및 <TEX>$^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$</TEX>는 <TEX>$0.827{\pm}0.004$</TEX> 및 <TEX>$2.041{\pm}0.015$</TEX>로서 광미퇴적물의 <TEX>$0.815{\pm}0.002$</TEX> 및 <TEX>$2.016{\pm}0.006$</TEX>와 유사한 값을 나타내었으며, 토양 중 <TEX>$^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$</TEX> 및 <TEX>$^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$</TEX>는 0.756~0.881 및 1.872~2.187로 퇴적물 및 광미퇴적물에 비해 넓은 범위의 납 동위원소 분포를 나타냈다. 아연 광석의 <TEX>$^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$</TEX> 및 <TEX>$^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$</TEX>는 0.816~0.956(평균 0.832), 2.029~2.219(평균 2.059)로서 비교적 넓은 범위의 동위원소 조성변화를 보였으며, 폐수 및 슬러지 중의 <TEX>$^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$</TEX> 및 <TEX>$^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$</TEX>는 0.883~0.905(평균 0.887), 2.127~2.156(평균 2.133)로 나타났다. 안동호 퇴적물은 연화광산의 광상과 유사한 납 동위원소 분포특성을 보였으며, 광미퇴적물과 토양에 의한 혼합 특성을, 아연제련시설의 경우, 캐나다 및 호주 등으로부터 수입된 아연 광석에 의한 납 동위원소 분포와 유사한 분포 특성을 나타냈다. The objective of this study was to identify Pb pollution sources of sediments in Lake Andong. We analysed Pb isotopes in sediments from Lake Andong, soils and mining tails from the watershed as well as sludges and wastewater from zinc smelting facilities which exists in upper stream of Lake Andong. The Pb isotope ratios (<TEX>$^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$</TEX> and <TEX>$^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$</TEX>) for sediments are <TEX>$0.827{\pm}0.004$</TEX> and <TEX>$2.041{\pm}0.015$</TEX>, which showed similar values with those of mining tails, <TEX>$0.815{\pm}0.002$</TEX> and <TEX>$2.016{\pm}0.006$</TEX>, respectively. The isotopic ratio values of soils existed in the range of 0.756~0.881 and 1.872~2.187. In imported zinc ores, the isotopic ratio values existed in the range of 0.816~0.956 (mean 0.832) and 2.029~2.219 (mean 2.059). These values were similar to those in zinc and lead concentrate originated from Canada and South America. Additionally, isotopic ratio values for sludge and wastewater were <TEX>$17.515{\pm}0.155$</TEX>, <TEX>$15.537{\pm}0.018$</TEX>, and <TEX>$37.357{\pm}0.173$</TEX>, respectively. The Pb isotopic ratio of sediments showed binary combination patterns with soil and mining tails, which were similar to those for Korean Pb ore.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".