Elderly patients with very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis and early-onset schizophrenia: Cross-sectional and retrospective clinical findings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the symptoms at onset/past and current symptoms of patients with Very Late-Onset Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis (VLOSLP; first onset of psychotic symptoms at/or after 60 years old) with those of elderly patients diagnosed with schizophrenia before the age of 40 years old (Early-Onset Schizophrenia—EOS) in order to validate the clinical nosology proposed by the International Late-Onset Schizophrenia Group. Methods: This is a between-patient comparison study with retrospective and current data taken from an historical cohort that was conducted from May/2005 to August/2008. Seventeen VLOSLP and 17 EOS were included. Schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychotic disorders were initially diagnosed by board-certified psychiatrists with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Criteria at use at onset of the disorders. Patients’ symptoms were assessed with the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). The general scores on the SAPS/SANS were the primary outcomes. Results: Both groups had hallucinations and delusions at onset of the disease, but the following symptoms were more present and severe in EOS than in VLOSLP: hallucinations (p = 0.001); assiduity loss (p p = 0.001), reference (p p = 0.001) delusions. VLOSLP had mostly persecutory delusions. At current evaluation (follow-up of cohort), most patients in the two groups presented residual symptoms of anhedonia and apathy, but EOS, presented more symptoms of friendship poverty (d = 1.42, large effect size) than VLOSLP. The neuroimaging studies (when available) at follow-up demonstrated greater vascular cerebral lesions/vulnerability in VLOSLP than in EOS patients. Conclusion: This study showed that both VLOSLP and EOS had positive and negative symptoms in the past/at onset of the disease, but they were more severe in EOS than in VLOSLP. However, the positive symptoms of both groups at follow-up of the cohort (current evaluation) responded relatively well to neuroleptics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".