Elucidating the role of TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cutaneous manifestations are very common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a soluble cytokine member of the TNF superfamily that binds to a sole receptor, Fn14. TWEAK/Fn14 signaling is involved in cell survival, apoptosis, cytokine production, and angiogenesis, and as such has been found to be important in both tissue repair and inflammatory diseases. Whether TWEAK is involved in autoimmune skin disease is not known. To evaluate a possible role for TWEAK in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus, we generated a lupus-prone mouse strain, MRL-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr), deficient in Fn14, and evaluated the development of skin disease in this strain as compared with age and gender-matched MRL/lpr mice. In vitro studies using a keratinocyte cell line, PAM212, were performed to evaluate the effects of TWEAK and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation on apoptosis and cytokine production. We found that lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice deficient for Fn14 (Fn14KO) had markedly attenuated cutaneous disease as compared with Fn14WT mice. MRL/lpr Fn14KO mice had significantly less epidermal acanthosis and follicular plugging, and there was decreased infiltration of T cells and macrophages as compared with Fn14WT mice. In vitro , TWEAK treatment of murine keratinocytes stimulated the secretion of RANTES (via Fn14), and promoted apoptosis. Parthenolide decreased production of RANTES, indicating that this effect of TWEAK is mediated via NF-κB. Ultraviolet light, specifically UVB, is recognized as a potent trigger of cutaneous lupus. We found that TWEAK co-treatment exacerbates UVB light-induced keratinocyte apoptosis and increases the amount of RANTES secreted, when compared with cells treated with UVB alone. These synergistic effects of TWEAK+UVB on keratinocytes were probably due to upregulation of Fn14 expression by UVB. Our data strongly implicate TWEAK/Fn14 signaling in the pathogenesis of the cutaneous manifestations of lupus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".