The Effect of a Prehabilitation Exercise Program on Quadriceps Strength for Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of a 6-week prehabilitation exercise training program on presurgical quadriceps strength for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). DESIGN: Two-arm, parallel, randomized, controlled pilot trial. SETTING: Private exercise space in a research facility. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-two patients scheduled for primary TKA. METHODS: Participants completed a series of baseline questionnaires (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC], Short Form 36, and Arthritis Self-efficacy Scale) and functional testing (isometric quadriceps strength assessment, flat-surface walk test, and stair ascent-descent test). The participants were randomized to a lower-body strength training program or to a nonspecific upper-body strength training program. The participants exercised 3 times per week for 6 weeks before TKA. Postintervention assessment occurred immediately before TKA, with follow-up assessments at 6 and 12 weeks after surgery. OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was isometric quadriceps strength. Secondary outcomes were mobility, pain, self-reported function, health-related quality of life, and arthritis self-efficacy. RESULTS: There was no significant treatment condition-by-time effect on quadriceps strength, but the effect size was large (F(3,18) = 0.89, P = .47, η(2) = 0.13). Similar findings were shown for walking speed (F(3,18) = 1.47, P = .26, η(2) = 0.20). There was a significant treatment-by-time effect for the Short Form 36 mental component score (F(3,18) = 0.41, P = .02, η(2) = 0.41), with differences emerging before surgery but not at either postoperative assessment. For all other secondary outcome measures, the treatment-by-time effect was nonsignificant and small. CONCLUSION: The intervention elicited clinically meaningful increases in quadriceps strength, walking speed, and mental health immediately before TKA. It did not impart lasting benefits to patients in the 12 weeks after surgery. Analysis of the results suggests that quadriceps strength may not drive functional improvements after surgery. These findings need to be replicated in larger trials before clinical recommendations are made about including strength training prehabilitation in everyday practice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".