The Dystonia Discomfort Scale (<scp>DDS</scp>): a novel instrument to monitor the temporal profile of botulinum toxin therapy in cervical dystonia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Conventional scales measure the effect of botulinum toxin (BT) therapy only at specific points in time. The Dystonia Discomfort Scale (DDS), a novel, easy-to-use, self-assessment scale to record temporal profiles of the effect of BT therapy in cervical dystonia (CD), is introduced and evaluated against the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). METHODS: Seventy-six patients with CD (age 54.4 ± 10.9 years, 34% male) receiving ≤5 cycles of incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin); Merz Pharmaceuticals, Frankfurt am Main, Germany) injections at intervals ≥10 weeks used DDS to record the severity of their symptoms daily. DDS data were compared with TWSTRS-Total scores and patients' subjective estimation (SE) of the onset (TO) and waning (TW) of the treatment effect. RESULTS: The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale - Total scores correlated significantly with DDS (P ≤ 0.028 at all visits evaluated). TO-DDS and TO-SE were 7.9 ± 8.6 and 7.1 ± 4.1 days, respectively; TW-DDS and TW-SE were 41.8 ± 19.2 and 45.1 ± 21.5 days, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Dystonia Discomfort Scale is a novel, easy-to-use, self-assessment scale for valid and sensitive monitoring of the temporal profile of the effect of BT therapy in patients with CD. DDS provides important additional information about onset, duration, waning, stability and reproducibility of the effects of BT therapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".