Ring around the heart: an unusual feature of the crocodilian central circulatory system.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have characterized the right (RAo) and left aortae (LAo) and their interconnections through the Foramen of Panizza (FP) and anastomosis (AN) as forming a circulatory ‘ring around the heart’. We look at a couple of situations where postulated blood flow through the FP, both R→L and L→R could equally well be served by flow around the ring. Closure of the LAo not only prevents the pulmonary by-pass shunt but also the possibility of oxygenated blood reaching the gut through the FP Section of the RAo, below the origin of the carotid artery, will severely restrict flow of oxygenated blood to the hind part of the body. LAo section in alligators had no effect on growth or energy conversion compared with sham operated animals indicating little selective advantage for retention of bulk flow of venous blood to the body. RAo section in caimans revealed marked effects on growth and energy conversion but too few animals were available to claim statistical significance. Nevertheless, caimans with the RAo sectioned grew much slower compared with animals with the LAo cut. The effect was generalized with no differences in the proportionate relations between head and body measurements. We speculate that the ring around the heart will function just as well as flow through the FP in effecting R→L or L→R blood transfer in the central circulation of crocodilians.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".