Transgenic carrots expressing a thaumatin-like protein display enhanced resistance to several fungal pathogens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two transgenic carrot lines (T-33 and T-47) were developed through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Both lines constitutively expressed a rice thaumatin-like protein and the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase protein for herbicide resistance, used as a selectable marker. Both lines were propagated in tissue culture and transferred to soil and maintained under growth-chamber conditions. Detached leaves of the transgenic lines and nontransformed 'Nanco' were inoculated in vitro with eight different fungal pathogens, and the extent of leaf necrosis was assessed. The two transgenic lines both had significantly lower disease (P ≤ 0.05) when compared with the nontransformed 'Nanco' for select pathogens. Line T-33 had significantly lower leaf necrosis when inoculated with Alternaria dauci, Alternaria petroselini, Alternaria radicini, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Line T-47 had significantly lower disease when inoculated with A. dauci, A. radicini, B. cinerea, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The detached leaf method was a rigorous approach for assessing the transgenic carrot lines for resistance to fungal infection. The enhanced resistance observed in this study to fungal pathogens as a consequence of expression of a thaumatin-like protein in carrot tissues is the first to demonstrate efficacy against six different pathogens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".