Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether the apolipoprotein E genotype differs in patients who respond or do not respond to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Inpatients, out-patients, and day-treatment patients who had received ECT comprised the study group. The 34 patients included met DSM-III-R criteria for affective or schizoaffective disorder. Responder or nonresponder status was assessed using the Clinical Global Inventory and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Blood samples were taken and coded when the patients entered the study. DNA extraction and apolipoprotein E genotyping were performed with no knowledge of the clinical classification of the patients. A significant difference in E4 genotype distribution was found between ECT responders and nonresponders (p < 0.02); psychosis was significantly less frequent in this group (p = 0.046), and there was a trend toward older onset of depression among these persons (p = 0.10). Only the E3/3 genotype was found in the patients with early-onset depression. The E4 genotype appears to define a subgroup of patients with late-onset depression who respond to ECT. If confirmed in prospective studies, this may provide a useful marker in the treatment decision-making process for late-onset depression.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it