Sexual dimorphism in the second-to-fourth digit length ratio in green anoles,<i>Anolis carolinensis</i>(Squamata: Polychrotidae), from the southeastern United States
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Digit length ratios are organized during embryonic development and may show sexual dimorphism related to steroid exposure. The second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D) has received the most attention. In the present study, we measured 2D:4D of all four feet of adult male and female green anoles ( Anolis carolinensis Voigt, 1832) to determine whether it is sexually dimorphic and whether results are repeatable across laboratories. Lizards were housed at Michigan State University (MSU) and Oklahoma State University (OSU), and one investigator at each institution used digital calipers to measure the 2D:4D of each foot. At both MSU and OSU, we found that males had a significantly larger 2D:4D on the back right foot than females did, and that no sex difference existed in either the back left or the front right foot. Furthermore, although no sex difference in the front left foot was found at MSU, the 2D:4D on this foot was larger in females at OSU. Our results demonstrate both sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D and repeatability between laboratories, but they also suggest the importance of verifying such repeatability if 2D:4D or any other digit length ratio is used as a potential indicator of the early steroid environment.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it