Molecular characterization of<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>f. sp.<i>cubense</i>race 1 and 4 isolates from Taiwan and Southern China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is one of the most important banana diseases. Three races (1, 2, 4) of Foc have been identified worldwide, but race 4 (especially tropical race 4, TR4) is the most destructive pathogen and has significant impacts on banana production in Taiwan and Southern China. To characterize the genetic relationship of Foc in these two regions, 55 isolates of Foc, including 18 from Taiwan and 37 from Hainan and Guangdong Provinces, were subjected to pathogenicity tests, race 4-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. One race 4 isolate from Australia, one race 1 isolate from Philippines, and 10 non-banana F. oxysporum isolates were also included in the study for comparison. Pathogenicity tests indicated that 16 and 21 isolates of Foc from Taiwan and Southern China, respectively, were pathogenic on Cavendish banana and classified as race 4, and the remaining isolates were identified as race 1. PCR amplification with race 4 and tropical race 4-specific primers confirmed that all of the race 4 isolates from Taiwan and Southern China were TR4. AFLP analysis with eight EcoRI-MseI primer combinations clustered the 67 F. oxysporum isolates analyzed into two major groups, one containing all race 4 isolates and the other consisting of race 1 isolates along with the non-banana F. oxysporum isolates. No significant divergence was observed among TR4 isolates from Southern China and Taiwan, suggesting that the TR4 isolates from Southern China might share the same lineage as those from Taiwan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".