Expression of α -, β -, and γ -hENaC mRNA in the Human Nasal, Bronchial, and Distal Lung Epithelium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The amount of fluid covering the epithelium of the airways and alveolar space is modulated by active transport of Na+ from the lumen through the apical membrane Na+ permeant ion channels towards the interstitial space. We have measured the subunit expression of the amiloride-sensitive human Na+ channel (hENaC) by concomitant assessment of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-hENaC mRNA in the nasal, bronchial, and peripheral lung epithelia of adult patients undergoing lobectomy secondary to lung cancer. The study employed quantitative competitive reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and qualitative in situ hybridization techniques. The hENaC mRNA content of each sample was normalized to the amount of epithelial cell-specific cytokeratin 18 (CK18) mRNA. Nasal epithelium contained significantly more (p < 0.05) alpha-hENaC mRNA (18 +/- 5 SD amol/fmol CK18), than bronchus (8 +/- 2 SD amol/fmol) and peripheral lung (9 +/- 2 SD amol/fmol). The ratio of gamma-hENaC/alpha-hENaC mRNA concentration was lowest in the nasal area, and it increased significantly towards the distal lung regions. The change in beta-hENaC mRNA was less profound. In situ hybridization studies of bronchial and peripheral lung sections selectively revealed expression of alpha-hENaC mRNA in superficial epithelium and submucosal glands of large airways, in bronchiolar epithelium, and in alveolar cells. We conclude that the relative expression of the hENaC subunit genes changes from the proximal to distal regions of the human respiratory tract.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".