EFFECT OF OPIOID ANALGESIA ON LUMBAR EXTENSOR ENDURANCE IN CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the acute effect of opioid analgesia on lumbar exercise test performance in Chronic Lower Back Pain (CLBP). METHODS 28 subjects (mean age 54 years) with CLBP of moderate intensity according to the Oswestry Back Disability Score (mean score 5.7) performed the Biering-Sorensen test twice, once after receiving 1 mcg/kg fentanyl intravenously and once after placebo in a randomized double blind crossover design. Naloxone 3 mcg/kg was administered after the fentanyl phase. RESULTS Fentanyl administration reduced the mean pain rating from 4.0 +/− 2.1 to 3.1 +/− 2.2 on a 0–10 verbal scale (p < 0.05). Mean +/− SD test performance was 77 +/− 49 sec in the fentanyl arm and 60 +/− 42 sec in the placebo arm (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Fentanyl is associated with an improvement in exercise test performance in CLBP. This finding supports the use of fentanyl and similar agents as a means of improving function in CLBP. Supported by University of Alberta Hospitals Foundation
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".