Differential Expression of Potato Defence Genes Associated with the Salicylic Acid Defence Signalling Pathway in Response to Weakly and Highly Aggressive Isolates of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Verticillium wilt is a vascular disease affecting hundreds of important dicotyledonous crops worldwide. Its main causal agent in potato is V erticillium dahliae K leb. A differential potato‐ V . dahliae system consisting of two cultivars of potato (susceptible; S and moderately resistant; MR ) and two V . dahliae isolates (weakly, WA and highly aggressive, HA ), was used to evaluate the expression of five defence‐related genes, PAL 1 , PAL 2 , PR ‐1 , PR ‐2 and PR ‐5 . These genes were selected because they are in general associated with the salicylic acid defence signalling pathway. Expression levels of these genes were assessed in potato roots and leaves at 0, 4 and 21 h (hpi), and 3, 7 and 14 days postinoculation (dpi). In the roots, the expression of PAL 1 , PR ‐1 and PR ‐2 in the MR was higher than in the susceptible cultivar in response to inoculation with either one of the tested V . dahliae isolates. PAL 2 gene expression increased gradually starting at 21 hpi in the MR cultivar as opposed to the susceptible one. Higher expression of PR ‐1 was detected at 7 dpi in roots. In the leaves, both PAL 1 and PAL 2 genes showed higher expression in the MR cultivar relative to the susceptible one. Interestingly, the expression of PR ‐2 was slightly higher in the susceptible cultivar. Combined data analyses revealed that PAL 1 , PAL 2 , PR ‐1 and PR ‐2 genes are regulated at the transcriptional level in response to infection by V . dahliae . These results indicate that the salicylic acid pathway is also involved in potato defence against V . dahliae and add to the data gathered to elucidate the signalling mechanisms in this host–pathogen interaction.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it