Differential Expression of Potato Defence Genes Associated with the Salicylic Acid Defence Signalling Pathway in Response to Weakly and Highly Aggressive Isolates of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Verticillium wilt is a vascular disease affecting hundreds of important dicotyledonous crops worldwide. Its main causal agent in potato is Verticillium dahliae Kleb. A differential potato‐V. dahliae system consisting of two cultivars of potato (susceptible; S and moderately resistant; MR) and two V. dahliae isolates (weakly, WA and highly aggressive, HA), was used to evaluate the expression of five defence‐related genes, PAL1, PAL2, PR‐1, PR‐2 and PR‐5. These genes were selected because they are in general associated with the salicylic acid defence signalling pathway. Expression levels of these genes were assessed in potato roots and leaves at 0, 4 and 21 h (hpi), and 3, 7 and 14 days postinoculation (dpi). In the roots, the expression of PAL1, PR‐1 and PR‐2 in the MR was higher than in the susceptible cultivar in response to inoculation with either one of the tested V. dahliae isolates. PAL2 gene expression increased gradually starting at 21 hpi in the MR cultivar as opposed to the susceptible one. Higher expression of PR‐1 was detected at 7 dpi in roots. In the leaves, both PAL1 and PAL2 genes showed higher expression in the MR cultivar relative to the susceptible one. Interestingly, the expression of PR‐2 was slightly higher in the susceptible cultivar. Combined data analyses revealed that PAL1, PAL2, PR‐1 and PR‐2 genes are regulated at the transcriptional level in response to infection by V. dahliae. These results indicate that the salicylic acid pathway is also involved in potato defence against V. dahliae and add to the data gathered to elucidate the signalling mechanisms in this host–pathogen interaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".