Transumbilical Catheter Intervention of Ductus Arteriosus in Neonatal Swine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study is to report a new technique for transcatheter intervention of the ductus arteriosus (DA) through the umbilical artery (UA) in neonatal swine. Transcatheter intervention of the DA in swine is routinely performed via the jugular vein or occasionally the femoral artery accessed via surgical cutdown. Transumbilical catheter intervention is performed in humans. For this study, all procedures were performed under general anesthesia using isoflurane with oxygen for induction and maintenance. Only animals less than 48 h old were used. The UA was cannulated with a 3.5-Fr single-lumen catheter. The catheter was exchanged over a wire for a 4-Fr introducer. A 4-Fr angled catheter was used to cross the DA. Coil occlusion or stent implantation was implemented. UA cannulation was attempted in 30 newborn piglets with the intent to coil occlude or stent the DA. The animals weighed 1.2-1.8 kg (mean 1.49 kg; median 1.4 kg). Umbilical cannulation was successful in 28/30 animals (93%). Successful ductal intervention was achieved in 26 animals (93%). Initially all procedures were performed under general anesthesia and orotracheal intubation; the last 18 were performed using spontaneous mask ventilation. Thus we find that transumbilical DA catheter intervention can be successfully performed. Advantages over traditional methods include avoiding technical problems inherent with traversing right heart structures and surgical wounds. Access to the DA along its natural orientation facilitates intervention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".