Comment on “Toxicity of weathered<i>Exxon Valdez</i>crude oil to pink salmon embryos”
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Environmental Toxicology and ChemistryVolume 27, Issue 7 p. 1475-1476 Letter to the Editor Comment on "Toxicity of weathered Exxon Valdez crude oil to pink salmon embryos" Ron A. Heintz, Ron A. Heintz National Marine Fisheries Service Auke Bay Laboratory Juneau, Alaska 99801, USASearch for more papers by this authorJeffrey W. Short, Jeffrey W. Short National Marine Fisheries Service Auke Bay Laboratory Juneau, Alaska 99801, USASearch for more papers by this authorStanley D. Rice, Stanley D. Rice National Marine Fisheries Service Auke Bay Laboratory Juneau, Alaska 99801, USASearch for more papers by this authorMark G. Carls, Mark G. Carls National Marine Fisheries Service Auke Bay Laboratory Juneau, Alaska 99801, USASearch for more papers by this author Ron A. Heintz, Ron A. Heintz National Marine Fisheries Service Auke Bay Laboratory Juneau, Alaska 99801, USASearch for more papers by this authorJeffrey W. Short, Jeffrey W. Short National Marine Fisheries Service Auke Bay Laboratory Juneau, Alaska 99801, USASearch for more papers by this authorStanley D. Rice, Stanley D. Rice National Marine Fisheries Service Auke Bay Laboratory Juneau, Alaska 99801, USASearch for more papers by this authorMark G. Carls, Mark G. Carls National Marine Fisheries Service Auke Bay Laboratory Juneau, Alaska 99801, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 09 December 2009 https://doi.org/10.1897/07-236.1Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES 1 Brannon EL, Collins KM, Brown JS, Neff JM, Parker KR, Stubblefield WA. 2006. Toxicity of weathered Exxon Valdez crude oil to pink salmon embryos. Environ Toxicol Chem 25: 962–972. 10.1897/05-129R1.1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 2 Carls MG, Rice SD, Hose JE. 1999. Sensitivity of fish embryos to weathered crude oil: Part I. Low-level exposure during incubation causes malformations, genetic damage, and mortality in larval Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi). Environ Toxicol Chem 18: 481–493. 10.1002/etc.5620180317 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 3 Carls MG, Heintz RA, Marty GD, Rice SD. 2005. Cytochrome P4501A induction in oil-exposed pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) embryos predicts reduced survival potential. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 301: 253–265. 10.3354/meps301253 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4 Heintz RA, Short JW, Rice SD. 1999. Sensitivity of fish embryos to weathered crude oil: Part II. Increased mortality of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) embryos incubating downstream from weathered Exxon Valdez crude oil. Environ Toxicol Chem 18: 494–503. 10.1002/etc.5620180318 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 5 Heintz RA, Rice SD, Wertheimer AC, Bradshaw RF, Thrower FP, Joyce JE, Short JW. 2000. Delayed effects on growth and marine survival of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) after exposure to crude oil during embryonic development. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 208: 205–216. 10.3354/meps208205 Web of Science®Google Scholar 6 Marty GD, Short JW, Dambach DM, Willits NH, Heintz RA, Rice SD, Stegeman JJ, Hinton DE. 1997. Ascites, premature emergence, increased gonadal cell apoptosis, and cytochrome P4501A induction in pink salmon larvae continuously exposed to oil-contaminated gravel during development. Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 75: 989–1007. 10.1139/z97-120 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 7 Carls MG, Thomas RE, Lilly MR, Rice SD. 2003. Mechanism for transport of oil-contaminated groundwater into pink salmon redds. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 248: 245–255. 10.3354/meps248245 Web of Science®Google Scholar 8 Carls MG, Rice SD, Marty GD, Naydan DK. 2004. Pink salmon spawning habitat is recovering a decade after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Trans Am Fish Soc 133: 834–844. 10.1577/T03-125.1 Web of Science®Google Scholar 9 Bue BG, Sharr S, Moffitt SD, Craig AK. 1996. Effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on pink salmon embryos and preemergent fry. American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: 619–627. CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 10 Bue BG, Sharr S, Seeb JE. 1998. Evidence of damage to pink salmon populations inhabiting Prince William Sound, Alaska, two generations after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Trans Am Fish Soc 127: 35–43. 10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0035:EODTPS>2.0.CO;2 Web of Science®Google Scholar 11 Carls MG, Marty GD, Meyers TR, Thomas RE, Rice SD. 1998. Expression of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in prespawning Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) exposed to weathered crude oil. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 55: 2300–2309. 10.1139/cjfas-55-10-2300 Web of Science®Google Scholar 12 Payne JR, Driskell WB, Short JW. 2004. Prince William Sound RCAC long-term environmental monitoring program, 2003–2004 LTEMP monitoring report. Prince William Sound Regional Citizens' Advisory Council, Anchorage, AK, USA. Google Scholar 13 Kiparissis Y, Akhtar P, Hodson PV, Brown RS. 2003. Partition-controlled delivery of toxicants: A novel in vivo approach for embryo toxicity testing. Environ Sci Technol 37: 2262–2266. 10.1021/es026154r CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 14 Rhodes S, Farwell A, Hewitt LM, MacKinnon M, Dixon DG. 2005. The effects of dimethylated and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the embryonic development of the Japanese medaka. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 60: 247–258. 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.08.002 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 15 Farwell A, Nero V, Croft M, Bal P, Dixon DG. 2006. Modified Japanese medaka embryo-larval bioassay for rapid determination of developmental abnormalities. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 51: 600–607. 10.1007/s00244-005-0319-x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume27, Issue7July 2008Pages 1475-1476 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.034 | 0.017 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.017 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".