Diversity and prevalence of <i>Fusarium</i> species from Quebec barley fields
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), a fungal disease caused by several species of Fusarium, results in reduced yields and grain quality in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Various mycotoxins are produced by the Fusarium spp., and these can be very harmful to animals and humans. As a basis for progress in devising future management strategies for FHB in barley, it is necessary to identify the most common causal Fusarium spp. in Quebec and to determine whether their prevalence varies over space and time. In this study, we identified the Fusarium spp. present in 144 samples of barley seed harvested in 12 administrative regions of Quebec in 2000, 2001, and 2002. In total, 20 species of Fusarium were identified on the basis of the morphological characteristics of the fungal isolates. Overall, infection levels (expressed as percentages of infected kernels) were 8.3%, 8.2%, and 36.3%, respectively, for 2000, 2001, and 2002. Three species were responsible for most of these infections: F. graminearum (41.0% of infected seed), F. poae (23.2%), and F. avenaceum (15.8%). A fourth species, F. sporotrichioides, although less prevalent (5.6%), was found in each of the three years. On the basis of the broader sampling done in 2002, it appears that geography influenced the species of Fusarium that predominated. Fusarium graminearum was more prevalent in the southernmost regions, F. avenaceum in the easternmost regions, and F. poae in the regions located on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River. This information should prove helpful in devising the best strategies for effective management of FHB in Quebec.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".