Efficiency of Magnetic Alignment Found in Various Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Solids Detected by Simple Rotational Oscillation of Sample in Microgravity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oscillation of magnetically stable-axis with respect to a static field below 20 kOe occurred for various solids without spontaneous magnetic moment. The oscillation was caused by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility Δχ. According to theoretical consideration on the origin of diamagnetic and paramagnetic anisotropy, Δχ values of ordinary solid is expected to range over 6 orders of magnitude. These Δχ values can be obtained from period of the above-mentioned oscillation; small Δχ values were detectable because effect of restoration torque of a fiber that suspended the sample was excluded in the measurement. Δχ above 1×10−9 emu/g were detected at terrestrial gravity in a field below B=20 kOe. The fiber itself was excluded by floating a sample in microgravity, for the purpose of detecting Δχ below 1×10−9 emu/g. Alignment of micron-sized crystals dispersed in fluid at room temperature is achieved below 2 Tesla for most of the solids since their Δχ value is above 1×10−9 emu/g. Efficiency of magnetic alignment is enhanced considerably for ordinary oxide when resultant Δχ is increased by paramagnetic impurity ions up to level of 10−5 emu/g.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".