GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN FREE‐RANGING HARBOR SEAL (<i>PHOCA VITULINA</i>) PUPS FROM SOUTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are small pinnipeds that are widely distributed throughout the temperate coastal regions of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. We determined birth mass, neonatal growth rates, weaning age, and weaning mass of NE Pacific harbor seals (P. v. richardsi) during a capture‐recapture study that spanned the nursing period (Sidney Island, British Columbia, Canada). Of 46 harbor seal pups initially captured, 28 were classified as newborns (i. e., < 24 h old). Mean body mass of newborns was 11.2 ± SE 0.31 kg. Pups were individually tagged and recaptured throughout the nursing period. Average daily mass gain during the nursing period was 394 ± 26 g. Mean birth mass of males did not differ significantly from females, although pups found with fetal pelage (lanugo) (21.4% of all newborns) were smaller at birth (9.8 ± 0.44 kg) than non‐lanugo pups (11.6 ± 0.33 kg). Mean weaning mass was estimated at 23.6 ± 1.2 kg at a mean weaning age of 32 d ± 1.5 d. While birth and weaning masses differed little from the published data for offshore Sable Island harbor seals (P. v. concolor), British Columbia harbor seals are characterized by half the daily mass gain and a longer nursing period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".