Evidence of gene flow between pea and bean pathotypes of<i>Aphanomyces euteiches</i>.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aphanomyces euteiches is a phenotypically diverse pathogen, but the origins of this diversity are not known. To determine if cross-fertilization occurred between pea and bean pathotypes of A. euteiches, a technique to outcross isolates of A. euteiches was developed. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and several phenotypic traits were used to identify F, hybrids. Following 16 matings among isolates of different pathotypes, 4 of 82 germinated oospore isolates were inter-pathotype F, hybrids. Two of the four hybrids were infertile, but two were fertile and used to analyze the inheritance of virulence phenotype, host specificity (pathotype), hyphal growth rate, size of the aplerotic zone, and RAPD markers. As compared with parental pea and bean pathotype isolates, F, hybrids exhibited a pea pathotype and intermediate phenotypes in hyphal growth rate and size of the aplerotic zone. Subsequent self-fertilization of F1 hybrids yielded an F2 population that demonstrated segregation of virulence phenotypes, host specificity, hyphal growth rate, and RAPD markers. The results suggest that this diploid homothallic oomycete is capable of outcrossing and that sexual reproduction may play an important role in the generation of phenotypic variation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".