Evidence of chemical communication in the spiny rat <i>Trinomys yonenagae</i> (Echimyidae): anal scent gland and social interactions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Behavioral and histological data reveal that Trinomys yonenagae, a colonial and fossorial caviomorph rodent, emits direct chemical signals through a single, highly developed, eversible anal sebaceous gland. Connective tissue covers the secretory portion of the gland, dividing it into smaller incomplete lobules. Well-defined layers of striated muscle fibers, which are organized in a crisscrossed manner, surround the external surface of the gland. These features indicate active secretion, and may be important for gland eversion. The frequency of gland eversion was zero when either males or females explored a new territory singly. However, when two unacquainted adults were paired independently of the sex, the anal gland was everted without scent being applied to the substrate or conspecifics. The chemical signaling was concomitant with the occurrence of investigative behaviors such as nosenose, noserump, and noseanus contact. Anal-gland protrusion did not evoke avoidance responses and agonistic behaviors were never observed. The data do not support the function of the short-lived signal as either a sex attractant or a scent mark. The potential importance of chemical signaling in T. yonenagae by means of an eversible gland may lie in recognizing individuals or classes of individuals, minimizing aggression, and increasing social cohesion, all of which are important to colonial animals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".