Differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a comprehensive immunohistochemical study of the expression of ten metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their four inhibitors (TIMPs) in 115 non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), the findings have been correlated with the histological and clinical features of the tumours. All MMPs and TIMPs were expressed in tumours, with frequencies ranging from 41% for MMP-2 to 68% for MMP-13. Stromal immunoreactivity ranged from 6% for TIMP-4 to 87% for MMP-13. In some tumours, an overexpression of these proteins, as revealed by stronger staining in cancer cells than in adjacent normal bronchial epithelium, was also observed. The frequency ranged from 1% for MMP-3 to 28% for MMP-13. Compared with squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), adenocarcinoma (AdC) more frequently overexpressed MMP-1, -11, -13, -14, and TIMP-2, and TIMP-1 and/or TIMP-2 overexpression positively correlated with more advanced stage disease. None of the MMP or TIMP expression correlated with the ras genotype of the tumours. The higher frequency of MMP overexpression in AdC than in SqCC may relate to the greater tendency of the former for systemic metastasis. The association of TIMP-1 overexpression with more advanced disease may suggest a role in prognosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".