Disability and Survival of Multiple Sclerosis in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A population-based prevalent group of 150 clinical definite patients ascertained on 1 January 1977, in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, was followed for 30 years. OBJECTIVES: To outline the clinical characteristics, determine the levels of disability at 15, 25, 35, 40, and 45 years after onset, to estimate the survival after onset and life expectancy. METHODS: Clinical records were maintained, and the cohort reviewed each decade for 30 years. The disability levels according to the Kurtzke Extended Disability Status Scale were recorded and survival times were estimated. SPSS and Kaplan-Meier methods were used for analysis. RESULTS: On prevalence day, 1 January 1977, there were 48 (32%) men and 102 (68%) women, with an average age of onset of 32.2 +/- 10 years and 28.4 +/- 8.6 years. The average duration of disease was 15.7 years. On 1 January 2007, 39 (26%) patients were living, 105 (70%) deceased, and 6 (4%) were missing The disability levels recorded in 1977 and 2007, at 15 and 45 years after onset, were mild (EDSS < or = 2.5), 33.3% and 8.0%; moderate (EDSS3-5.5), 17.3% and 2.7%; severe (EDSS6-7.5), 6.6% and 4.7%; maximum (EDSS8-9.5), 22.7% and 10.7%. The median survival time after onset was 33 (95% CI: 27.3-38.6) years for men and 38 (95% CI: 34.1-41.9) years for women. The median duration of life was 68.9 years for men and 69.5 years for women, and a decreased life expectancy of 7.7 and 12.8 years. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple sclerosis is a progressive neurological disorder and long-term survival is associated with moderate to severe disability and decreased life expectancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".