Psychometric evidence of self-reported questionnaires for patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To conduct a systematic review of psychometric properties of self-reported questionnaires used to assess the level of symptoms and disability in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). METHODS: A structured search was conducted in four databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SportDiscus). A total of 24 studies about five different self-reported questionnaires were analyzed. A pair of independent raters extracted data on validity, reliability and responsiveness to change, and performed critical appraisal (0-100%). RESULTS: Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS), Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm Scale (LS) present excellent test-retest reliability (weighted average intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] > 0.80), whereas Functional Index Questionnaire (FIQ) is moderately reliable (ICC = 0.61). Minimal detectable change is 8.3% for ADLS, 9.0% for AKPS, 19% for FIQ, 8.5% for IKDC and 30% for LS. ADLS, AKPS, IKDC and LS are highly responsive (effect size/standardized response mean >0.95) in individuals with PFPS, while FIQ is lowly responsive (effect size = 0.49). CONCLUSION: Based on available evidence, ADLS presents the best psychometric properties and should be preferred when evaluating patients with PFPS. AKPS and IKDC are also adequate, while FIQ and LS are not recommended for individuals with PFPS. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: While several questionnaires have been developed to assess symptoms and functional limitations caused by knee pain, their psychometric properties can vary depending on the condition presented by the patient. The Activities of Daily Living Scale of the Knee Outcome Survey should be preferred by clinicians when evaluating a patient with PFPS. The Anterior Knee Pain Scale and International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective knee evaluation are also adequate for use with this population. The Functional Index Questionnaire and Lysholm Scale are not recommended for PFPS.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it