Changes in Ground Reaction Forces during Prosthetic Training of People with Transfemoral Amputations: A Pilot Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in floor reaction forces over the prosthesis during stance and gait throughout prosthetic training. Fifteen transfemoral amputation patients (mean age: 62 ± 13 years) were evaluated during prosthetic training. As the patients were standing and walking in parallel bars at free speed, ground reaction forces were measured with a force plate and gait velocity was measured using two photocells. Pretraining and posttraining changes of average peak forces were evaluated by paired t-tests (p < 0.05). In the training period, weightbearing over the prosthesis during standing increased (p < 0.05) and significant decreases (p < 0.05) were observed in the nonamputated limb. From initial to discharge evaluation, gait velocity and vertical ground reaction forces increased significantly. Changes in vertical forces were minimal (< 5%) for three subjects, and four subjects had lower values at the end of training. No significant changes could be detected in the anteroposterior and mediolateral ground reaction forces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".