Effect of Thermal Annealing on Structural Properties and Electrochemical Performance of Carbon Films with Porous Microstructure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbon films that are highly porous and have large surface area can be used in electroanalysis, supercapacitors, and energy storage devices. We have previously fabricated and characterized as-deposited porous carbon thin film electrodes formed by a relatively new film fabrication technique called glancing angle deposition (GLAD). We examine here the effect of thermal annealing on structural properties and electrochemical performance of GLAD carbon thin film (GTF) electrodes. We utilize scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to characterize the surface structure of annealed GTF electrodes. Electrochemical measurements commonly used to probe the reactivity of carbon electrodes are also employed to characterize the annealed GTF electrodes. Our findings indicate substantial structural changes in which the annealed films undergo extensive graphitization at treatment temperatures above 900°C. We further note that annealing of the GTF electrodes results in significant improvement in electrode reactivity as compared to as-deposited films. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".