Laboratory evidence of hyperfibrinolysis in association with low plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) has been associated with bleeding complications in surgery. We earlier reported a higher prevalence of low PAI-1 activity among patients with bleeding tendency as compared with normal control individuals. The present study evaluated whether low PAI-1 activity actually is associated with markers of increased fibrinolytic activity in plasma from patients with a history of bleeding. PAI-1 activity, plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP) and D-dimer were analyzed in plasma samples from 424 consecutive patients referred to the Coagulation Unit for investigation of bleeding symptoms. The median PAI-1 activity was 4.0 U/ml [interquartile range (IQR), 1-10 U/ml], the median PAP level was 1.59 mg/l (IQR, 1.40-1.91 mg/l) and the median D-dimer level was 71 microg/l (IQR, 46-111 microg/l). The median PAP concentration for patients with PAI-1 less than 1.0 U/ml was 1.73 mg/l (IQR, 1.53-2.30 mg/l), and that for PAI-1 of at least 1.0 U/ml was 1.54 mg/l (IQR, 1.36-1.83 mg/l) (P < 0.0001). There was also a significant difference between the PAP levels in patients with normal PAI-1 (1-15 U/ml) versus elevated PAI-1 (> 15 U/ml) (P = 0.024). The level of D-dimer did not correlate with PAI-1 activity. In conclusion, the activation of plasminogen measured as PAP was higher in patients with bleeding symptoms in combination with PAI-1 activity less than 1.0 U/ml than in those with PAI-1 activity of at least 1.0 U/ml. The coagulation activity under normal conditions, as measured by D-dimer, did not differ between the two patient subsets. The results support our previous definition of low PAI-1 as activity below 1.0 U/ml.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".