A current perspective on the pathological assessment of <i><scp>FOXL</scp>2</i> in adult‐type granulosa cell tumours of the ovary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: The diagnosis of adult-type granulosa cell tumours of the ovary (aGCT) is based on histomorphology aided by immunohistochemical staining for sex cord markers. Recently a single, recurrent somatic point mutation (402C→G) in FOXL2 was described in aGCT. We have investigated the impact of FOXL2 mutation testing in a large cohort of aGCT diagnosed previously by conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. METHODS AND RESULTS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue cores from a cohort of 52 aGCT diagnosed previously by expert gynaecopathologists were analysed immunohistologically. FOXL2 mutation status was determined by Sanger sequencing and high-sensitivity TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Histomorphology was reassessed by two expert gynaecopathologists. FOXL2 mutation analyses could be performed successfully in 46 cases, 40 of which were positive for the c.402C>G mutation, confirming a diagnosis of aGCT. In the six cases negative for the c.402C>G mutation, one case was confirmed on review as FOXL2 wild-type aGCT, whereas in the remaining five cases diagnoses other than aGCT were made. CONCLUSION: In cases where a diagnosis of aGCT is a consideration and unequivocal diagnosis is not possible based on morphology and routine immunostains, FOXL2 mutation testing can help to confirm the diagnosis. It is particularly relevant for accurate subclassification within the group of sex cord-stromal tumours.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".